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Mathlib.Analysis.Real.Hyperreal

Construction of the hyperreal numbers as an ultraproduct of real sequences. #

Hyperreal numbers on the ultrafilter extending the cofinite filter

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    Hyperreal numbers on the ultrafilter extending the cofinite filter

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      noncomputable def Hyperreal.ofReal :
      ℝ → ℝ*

      Natural embedding ℝ → ℝ*.

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        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_eq_coe {x y : ℝ} :
        ↑x = ↑y ↔ x = y
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_ne_coe {x y : ℝ} :
        ↑x ≠ ↑y ↔ x ≠ y
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_eq_zero {x : ℝ} :
        ↑x = 0 ↔ x = 0
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_eq_one {x : ℝ} :
        ↑x = 1 ↔ x = 1
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_ne_zero {x : ℝ} :
        ↑x ≠ 0 ↔ x ≠ 0
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_ne_one {x : ℝ} :
        ↑x ≠ 1 ↔ x ≠ 1
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_one :
        ↑1 = 1
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_zero :
        ↑0 = 0
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_inv (x : ℝ) :
        ↑x⁻¹ = (↑x)⁻¹
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_neg (x : ℝ) :
        ↑(-x) = -↑x
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_add (x y : ℝ) :
        ↑(x + y) = ↑x + ↑y
        @[simp]
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_mul (x y : ℝ) :
        ↑(x * y) = ↑x * ↑y
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_div (x y : ℝ) :
        ↑(x / y) = ↑x / ↑y
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_sub (x y : ℝ) :
        ↑(x - y) = ↑x - ↑y
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_le_coe {x y : ℝ} :
        ↑x ≤ ↑y ↔ x ≤ y
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_lt_coe {x y : ℝ} :
        ↑x < ↑y ↔ x < y
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_nonneg {x : ℝ} :
        0 ≤ ↑x ↔ 0 ≤ x
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_pos {x : ℝ} :
        0 < ↑x ↔ 0 < x
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_abs (x : ℝ) :
        ↑|x| = |↑x|
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_max (x y : ℝ) :
        ↑(max x y) = max ↑x ↑y
        @[simp]
        theorem Hyperreal.coe_min (x y : ℝ) :
        ↑(min x y) = min ↑x ↑y
        noncomputable def Hyperreal.ofSeq (f : ℕ → ℝ) :

        Construct a hyperreal number from a sequence of real numbers.

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          theorem Hyperreal.ofSeq_lt_ofSeq {f g : ℕ → ℝ} :
          ofSeq f < ofSeq g ↔ ∀ᶠ (n : ℕ) in ↑(Filter.hyperfilter ℕ), f n < g n
          noncomputable def Hyperreal.epsilon :

          A sample infinitesimal hyperreal

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            noncomputable def Hyperreal.omega :

            A sample infinite hyperreal

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              A sample infinitesimal hyperreal

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                A sample infinite hyperreal

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                  theorem Hyperreal.lt_of_tendsto_zero_of_pos {f : ℕ → ℝ} (hf : Filter.Tendsto f Filter.atTop (nhds 0)) {r : ℝ} :
                  0 < r → ofSeq f < ↑r
                  theorem Hyperreal.neg_lt_of_tendsto_zero_of_pos {f : ℕ → ℝ} (hf : Filter.Tendsto f Filter.atTop (nhds 0)) {r : ℝ} :
                  0 < r → -↑r < ofSeq f
                  theorem Hyperreal.gt_of_tendsto_zero_of_neg {f : ℕ → ℝ} (hf : Filter.Tendsto f Filter.atTop (nhds 0)) {r : ℝ} :
                  r < 0 → ↑r < ofSeq f
                  theorem Hyperreal.epsilon_lt_pos (x : ℝ) :
                  0 < x → epsilon < ↑x
                  def Hyperreal.IsSt (x : ℝ*) (r : ℝ) :

                  Standard part predicate

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                    noncomputable def Hyperreal.st :
                    ℝ* → ℝ

                    Standard part function: like a "round" to ℝ instead of ℤ

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                      A hyperreal number is infinitesimal if its standard part is 0

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                        A hyperreal number is positive infinite if it is larger than all real numbers

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                          A hyperreal number is negative infinite if it is smaller than all real numbers

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                            A hyperreal number is infinite if it is infinite positive or infinite negative

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                              Some facts about st #

                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.lt {x y : ℝ*} {r s : ℝ} (hxr : x.IsSt r) (hys : y.IsSt s) (hrs : r < s) :
                              x < y
                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.unique {x : ℝ*} {r s : ℝ} (hr : x.IsSt r) (hs : x.IsSt s) :
                              r = s
                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.st_eq {x : ℝ*} {r : ℝ} (hxr : x.IsSt r) :
                              x.st = r
                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.not_infinite {x : ℝ*} {r : ℝ} (h : x.IsSt r) :
                              theorem Hyperreal.not_infinite_of_exists_st {x : ℝ*} :
                              (∃ (r : ℝ), x.IsSt r) → ¬x.Infinite
                              theorem Hyperreal.Infinite.st_eq {x : ℝ*} (hi : x.Infinite) :
                              x.st = 0
                              theorem Hyperreal.isSt_sSup {x : ℝ*} (hni : ¬x.Infinite) :
                              x.IsSt (sSup {y : ℝ | ↑y < x})
                              theorem Hyperreal.exists_st_of_not_infinite {x : ℝ*} (hni : ¬x.Infinite) :
                              ∃ (r : ℝ), x.IsSt r
                              theorem Hyperreal.st_eq_sSup {x : ℝ*} :
                              x.st = sSup {y : ℝ | ↑y < x}
                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.isSt_st {x : ℝ*} {r : ℝ} (hxr : x.IsSt r) :
                              x.IsSt x.st
                              theorem Hyperreal.isSt_st_of_exists_st {x : ℝ*} (hx : ∃ (r : ℝ), x.IsSt r) :
                              x.IsSt x.st
                              theorem Hyperreal.isSt_st' {x : ℝ*} (hx : ¬x.Infinite) :
                              x.IsSt x.st
                              theorem Hyperreal.isSt_st {x : ℝ*} (hx : x.st ≠ 0) :
                              x.IsSt x.st
                              theorem Hyperreal.isSt_refl_real (r : ℝ) :
                              (↑r).IsSt r
                              theorem Hyperreal.st_id_real (r : ℝ) :
                              (↑r).st = r
                              theorem Hyperreal.eq_of_isSt_real {r s : ℝ} :
                              (↑r).IsSt s → r = s
                              theorem Hyperreal.isSt_real_iff_eq {r s : ℝ} :
                              (↑r).IsSt s ↔ r = s
                              theorem Hyperreal.isSt_symm_real {r s : ℝ} :
                              (↑r).IsSt s ↔ (↑s).IsSt r
                              theorem Hyperreal.isSt_trans_real {r s t : ℝ} :
                              (↑r).IsSt s → (↑s).IsSt t → (↑r).IsSt t
                              theorem Hyperreal.isSt_inj_real {r₁ r₂ s : ℝ} (h1 : (↑r₁).IsSt s) (h2 : (↑r₂).IsSt s) :
                              r₁ = r₂
                              theorem Hyperreal.isSt_iff_abs_sub_lt_delta {x : ℝ*} {r : ℝ} :
                              x.IsSt r ↔ ∀ (δ : ℝ), 0 < δ → |x - ↑r| < ↑δ
                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.map {x : ℝ*} {r : ℝ} (hxr : x.IsSt r) {f : ℝ → ℝ} (hf : ContinuousAt f r) :
                              IsSt (Filter.Germ.map f x) (f r)
                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.map₂ {x y : ℝ*} {r s : ℝ} (hxr : x.IsSt r) (hys : y.IsSt s) {f : ℝ → ℝ → ℝ} (hf : ContinuousAt (Function.uncurry f) (r, s)) :
                              IsSt (Filter.Germ.map₂ f x y) (f r s)
                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.add {x y : ℝ*} {r s : ℝ} (hxr : x.IsSt r) (hys : y.IsSt s) :
                              (x + y).IsSt (r + s)
                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.neg {x : ℝ*} {r : ℝ} (hxr : x.IsSt r) :
                              (-x).IsSt (-r)
                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.sub {x y : ℝ*} {r s : ℝ} (hxr : x.IsSt r) (hys : y.IsSt s) :
                              (x - y).IsSt (r - s)
                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.le {x y : ℝ*} {r s : ℝ} (hrx : x.IsSt r) (hsy : y.IsSt s) (hxy : x ≤ y) :
                              r ≤ s
                              theorem Hyperreal.st_le_of_le {x y : ℝ*} (hix : ¬x.Infinite) (hiy : ¬y.Infinite) :
                              x ≤ y → x.st ≤ y.st
                              theorem Hyperreal.lt_of_st_lt {x y : ℝ*} (hix : ¬x.Infinite) (hiy : ¬y.Infinite) :
                              x.st < y.st → x < y

                              Basic lemmas about infinite #

                              theorem Hyperreal.infinitePos_def {x : ℝ*} :
                              x.InfinitePos ↔ ∀ (r : ℝ), ↑r < x
                              theorem Hyperreal.infiniteNeg_def {x : ℝ*} :
                              x.InfiniteNeg ↔ ∀ (r : ℝ), x < ↑r
                              theorem Hyperreal.InfinitePos.pos {x : ℝ*} (hip : x.InfinitePos) :
                              0 < x
                              theorem Hyperreal.not_infinite_add {x y : ℝ*} (hx : ¬x.Infinite) (hy : ¬y.Infinite) :
                              theorem Hyperreal.not_infinite_iff_exist_lt_gt {x : ℝ*} :
                              ¬x.Infinite ↔ ∃ (r : ℝ) (s : ℝ), ↑r < x ∧ x < ↑s
                              theorem Hyperreal.Infinite.ne_real {x : ℝ*} :
                              x.Infinite → ∀ (r : ℝ), x ≠ ↑r

                              Facts about st that require some infinite machinery #

                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.mul {x y : ℝ*} {r s : ℝ} (hxr : x.IsSt r) (hys : y.IsSt s) :
                              (x * y).IsSt (r * s)
                              theorem Hyperreal.not_infinite_mul {x y : ℝ*} (hx : ¬x.Infinite) (hy : ¬y.Infinite) :
                              theorem Hyperreal.st_add {x y : ℝ*} (hx : ¬x.Infinite) (hy : ¬y.Infinite) :
                              (x + y).st = x.st + y.st
                              theorem Hyperreal.st_neg (x : ℝ*) :
                              (-x).st = -x.st
                              theorem Hyperreal.st_mul {x y : ℝ*} (hx : ¬x.Infinite) (hy : ¬y.Infinite) :
                              (x * y).st = x.st * y.st

                              Basic lemmas about infinitesimal #

                              theorem Hyperreal.infinitesimal_def {x : ℝ*} :
                              x.Infinitesimal ↔ ∀ (r : ℝ), 0 < r → -↑r < x ∧ x < ↑r
                              theorem Hyperreal.lt_of_pos_of_infinitesimal {x : ℝ*} :
                              x.Infinitesimal → ∀ (r : ℝ), 0 < r → x < ↑r
                              theorem Hyperreal.lt_neg_of_pos_of_infinitesimal {x : ℝ*} :
                              x.Infinitesimal → ∀ (r : ℝ), 0 < r → -↑r < x
                              theorem Hyperreal.gt_of_neg_of_infinitesimal {x : ℝ*} (hi : x.Infinitesimal) (r : ℝ) (hr : r < 0) :
                              ↑r < x
                              theorem Hyperreal.not_real_of_infinitesimal_ne_zero (x : ℝ*) :
                              x.Infinitesimal → x ≠ 0 → ∀ (r : ℝ), x ≠ ↑r
                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.infinitesimal_sub {x : ℝ*} {r : ℝ} (hxr : x.IsSt r) :
                              (x - ↑r).Infinitesimal

                              Hyperreal.st stuff that requires infinitesimal machinery #

                              theorem Hyperreal.IsSt.inv {x : ℝ*} {r : ℝ} (hi : ¬x.Infinitesimal) (hr : x.IsSt r) :

                              Infinite stuff that requires infinitesimal machinery #

                              theorem Hyperreal.Infinite.mul {x y : ℝ*} :
                              x.Infinite → y.Infinite → (x * y).Infinite